![]() ![]() ![]() Part of an autosomal recessive condition: 25%.Single vertebra, isolated: no increased risk.Associated with other structural defects: poor with increased risk of perinatal death.In 75% of cases there is no or slow progression of scoliosis, but in 25% there is rapid progression at 2-3 years of age. Ultrasound scans every 4-6 weeks to monitor the evolution of scoliosis.2D and 3D ultrasound examination of the spine to define the extent of the hemivertebra and exclude a lesion of the spinal cord.It is suggested that the condition is congenital in origin. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is by radiography. Structural abnormalities, mainly musculoskeletal, genitourinary and cardiac are found in >70% of cases. The condition is characterised clinically by progressive hind-leg weakness, spinal pain, abnormalities of the nervous system and evidence of muscle atrophy or other abnormalities of conformation.No lateral hemivertebrae or lateral wedge-shaped vertebrae were identified. Associated syndromes are common: Jarcho-Levin (autosomal recessive fused vertebrae, scoliosis, abnormal rib alignment) Klippel-Feil (autosomal recessive or dominant fusion of cervical vertebrae), VACTERL association (sporadic vertebral and ventricular septal defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, radial dysplasia and single umbilical artery), OEIS complex (sporadic omphalocele, exstrophy of the cloaca, imperforate anus, and spinal defects). Vertebral body formation defects were the most common (butterfly vertebrae 6.6, ventral wedge-shaped vertebrae 5.5, dorsal hemivertebrae 0.8, and dorso-lateral hemivertebrae 0.5).The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities is not increased. ![]() The hemivertebra appears as a triangular bony structure, smaller than a regular vertebra, acting like a wedge against the adjacent normal vertebras.After 12 weeks’ gestation: the spine is distorted in the sagittal or coronal view resulting in scoliosis. Most of the time hemivertebrae are incidental findings on a radiograph and are not associated with clinical signs but should abnormal pressure on the spinal cord be caused the following signs can be seen: Weakness of the rear limbs Fecal incontinence Urinary incontinence In most cases, signs plateau at age 9 months when the vertebrae stop growing.More common in females than males: 3 to 1. ![]()
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